冠词的用法(2)

6. 在turn/ go作“变为，成为”，其后做表语的名词不加冠词; 当as引导让步状语从句时， 从句中做表语的名词要放在as前，且不加冠词;在以“名词+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，名词前不加冠词

　　He used to be a medical student before he turned writer.

　　Child as he is, he knows a lot.

　　A man ran over, sword in hand.

　　7. 当man作“人类”、space作“太空”、nature作“自然界”、society 作“社会”、heaven作“天堂、天国”时不用冠词

　　8. 在称呼语前不加冠词。

　　Come in, boy. What are you doing, mum?

　　9. 在某些固定词组中

　　at home; write in pencil= write with a pencil

　　at daybreak/surprise/dawn/noon/dusk/sunset/sundown/night

　　day and night; day after day; day by day; hand in hand; side by side; from top to bottom; from beginning to end; from east to west; from morning till nigh

　　在一些短语中，有无冠词意义大不相同

　　by day在白天;by the day 按天计算

　　in case of 如果，万一;in the case of 就……来说

　　in charge of负责，管理;in the charge of 由……负责

　　go to church/school去作礼拜/去学习;go to the church/school到教堂去/学校去

　　out of question毫无疑问;out of the question不可能的

　　注：有些短语意义一样，但写法却不同。

　　On the whole= as a whole 大体上，就整体来看

　　take… for example= take … as an example 以……为例

　　不定冠词的用法：

　　1. 表示“一个”、“某一个”、“ 每一”、“再一，又一”、或“同一，相同”等

　　Eg. Rome is not built in a day.

　　A Mr. Smith is waiting for you at the school gate.

　　He usually works eight hours a day.

　　You can try it a second time if you fail.

　　They are of an age./ Birds of a feather flocks together.

　　2. 泛指某一类人或物，意为“任何一个，任一”

　　Eg: A square has four sides.

　　3. 当物质名词具体化表示“一(类、阵、份)”等;抽象名词具体化为“……的人或者事”时

　　Eg: Green tea is a wonderful tea.

　　We don’t have much rain here, but last night we h