英文句子种类辨析之肯定句和否定句(推荐3篇)
### 英文句子种类辨析之肯定句和否定句 篇一
**肯定句和否定句的基本概念**
在英语语法中,肯定句和否定句是构成语言表达的两种基本形式。它们在传达信息时有着截然不同的方式和目的。让我们深入了解这两种句子的特点和用法。
**肯定句**
肯定句是表达肯定或陈述性信息的句子形式。它们用来陈述事实、表达观点、描述情况等。肯定句的结构通常是主语+谓语动词+其他成分,其中谓语动词是以肯定形式出现的,例如:
- She sings beautifully.
- The sun rises in the east.
- They are going to the park.
这些句子都传达了肯定的信息,指出某件事情发生或存在。
**否定句**
否定句则是表达否定性信息的句子形式。它们用来否定肯定句所陈述的内容。否定句的结构通常是主语+否定词(如not)+谓语动词+其他成分,例如:
- She does not sing beautifully.
- The sun does not rise in the west.
- They are not going to the park.
在这些句子中,否定词not改变了谓语动词的含义,使得句子表达的是否定的信息。
**肯定句和否定句的比较**
肯定句和否定句在语法结构和意义上有明显的区别。肯定句陈述肯定的事实或情况,而否定句则表示相反的意思。例如,肯定句"The weather is nice today."表达了今天天气晴朗的信息,而否定句"The weather is not nice today."则表示今天天气不好。
此外,肯定句和否定句在表达情感、观点等方面也有所不同。肯定句通常用于表达赞同、肯定或乐观的情绪,而否定句则常用于表达不满、否定或悲观的情感。
**总结**
肯定句和否定句是英语中两种基本的句子形式,它们分别用于表达肯定和否定的信息。理解和正确运用这两种句子形式对于有效沟通至关重要。通过学习它们的结构和用法,我们能够更准确地表达自己的意思,避免歧义,提高语言表达能力。
### 英文句子种类辨析之肯定句和否定句 篇二
**肯定句和否定句的语法结构**
在英语中,肯定句和否定句有着明确的语法结构,我们通过一些关键的词汇和语法规则来构建它们。
**肯定句的构成**
肯定句的基本结构是主语+谓语动词+其他成分。谓语动词在肯定句中以原形出现,表示动作或状态的发生或存在。例如:
- She likes ice cream.
- They play soccer every weekend.
- He is a doctor.
这些句子中,主语分别是"She"、"They"和"He",谓语动词分别是"likes"、"play"和"is",它们构成了肯定句的基本结构。
**否定句的构成**
否定句在谓语动词前面加上否定词not构成。否定词not通常缩写为n't,放在助动词、情态动词或be动词后面,形成否定结构。例如:
- She does not like ice cream.
- They do not play soccer every weekend.
- He is not a doctor.
在这些句子中,否定词not改变了谓语动词的意义,使得句子表达了否定的含义。
**肯定句和否定句的比较**
肯定句和否定句在语法结构上有着明显的区别。肯定句中谓语动词以原形出现,而否定句中谓语动词前面加上否定词not。这一差异使得肯定句和否定句在意义上有着截然不同的表达。
此外,肯定句和否定句也在语气上有所不同。肯定句通常表达肯定、赞同或乐观的情绪,而否定句则表达否定、不满或悲观的情感。
**总结**
肯定句和否定句是英语中常见的两种句子形式,它们通过不同的语法结构和词汇来表达肯定和否定的信息。正确理解和运用肯定句和否定句对于提高语言表达能力至关重要。通过熟练掌握它们的结构和用法,我们能够更准确地传达自己的意思,有效地与他人交流。
英文句子种类辨析之肯定句和否定句 篇三
英文句子种类辨析之肯定句和否定句
含否定词的句子称为否定句(Negative Sentence),不含否定词的句子就称为肯定句(Affirmative Sentence)。例如:
例:Mr. Walker is an Englishman.
(华克先生是英国人。——肯定句)
例:He is not an American.
(他不是美国人。——否定句)
简单地说,表达事物的“Yes”这一面的句子就是肯定句,“No”的一面的就叫做否定句。
传统的英语入门都是先学肯定句,然后再学肯定句的反面,亦就是否定句。否定句的表达方式基本上有下面的两种。
(1)使用副词否定词“not”,例如:
(a)be,have为主要动词:
例:I am not a good swimmer.
(我不是一个游泳的好手。)
例:He was not at home yesterday afternoon.
(昨天下午他不在家。)
例:I have not much money.
(我没有很多钱。)
例:He has not many friend here.
(在这里他没有很多朋友。)
解说“be/have +not”常缩短成一词,尤其是日常谈话更是如此。例如:
例:You aren't [a:nt] a friend of his, are you ?
(你不是他的朋友吧,是不是?)
例:He isn't [>!znt] my brother.
(他不是我的兄弟。)
例:I wasn't [>w&znt] there at that time.
(当时我没有在那儿。)
例:There weren't [w+:nt] many people at the party yesterday.
(昨天没有很多人参加宴会。)
“am +not”不是“amn't”,而是“aren't”或“ain't[eint]”,例如:
例:I ain't ready.
(我还没准备好。)
例:I am very nice to you, aren't I?
(我对你很不错,是不是?)
美国人用“ain't”很随便,应该是“are not,is not,have not,has not”的地方,他们也会“ain't”一下就带过去,宜注意。
下面例句是“have not,has not”的缩短形。
例:I haven't[>h$vnt] a headache.
(我没有头痛。)
例:He hasn't[>h$znt] come yet.
(他还没来。)
(b)be,have为助动词
例:You aren't going to go to her birthday party, are you?
(你不打算参加她的生日宴会,是不是?)
例:It isn't raining outside.
(外面没有在下雨。)
例:She wasn't asked to speak at the meeting.
(她没有被请求在会上讲话。)
例:I haven't done anything wrong to her.
(他没有做对不起她的事。)
例:He hasn't yet paid the money.
(他尚未付钱。)
be+ V -ing(进行时),be +P.P.(过去分词)(被动词态),have(has,had)+P.P.(完成时)等的“be,have(has,had)”皆为助动词。例1的'“be going to …”在学校文法中也常被视为助动词。
(c)“助动词+V”时
动词带有助动词“will,shall,can,may,must,need,dare,ought to,used to,had better”等时,将“not”置于助动词与主要动词之间。例如:
例:I will not do it again.
I won't[wount] do it again.
(我不愿意再做这种事。)
例:The old man cannot find his way home.
(那个老人找不到回家的路。)
例:I couldn't sleep last night.
(昨夜我无法入睡。)
例:You ought not to swim in the river.
(你不应该在河里游泳。)
例:You had better not tell her everything.
(你最好不要样样事情都告诉她。)
注:“can”的否定形式是“cannot or can't”,不可写成“can not or cann't”。
(d)使用助动词“do”的否定句
一般动词的否定句通常使用助动词“do”,句式如下:
句型 do(does, did)+not + V(原形动词)
例:I don't know her very well.
(我并不很了解她。)
例:He doesn't like Chinese tea very much.
(他并不很喜欢中国茶。)
例:She didn't come to school this morning.
(今天早上她没有来上学。)
例:Don't believe him.
(不要相信他的话。)
注:“have”表达“有”以外的意义时,其否定句通常使用助动词“do”,例如:
例:Usually I don't have (=eat) breakfast on Sunday morning.
(通常星期天早上我不吃早餐。)
例:She doesn't have (=drink) coffee for breakfast.
(她不把咖啡充作早餐喝。)
例:We didn't have (=enjoy) a good time there yesterday.
(昨天我们在那里玩得不愉快。)
不过美式英语“have”作“有”的意义使用时也如一般动词使用助动词“do”,例如:
例:I don't have brothers.
(我没有兄弟。)
例:We didn't have time enough to finish the work.
(我们当时没有足够的时间完成那件工作。)
(2)使用“not”以外的否定词
“not”以外的否定词有:
(a)副词:never,seldom,hardly,little,neither,etc.
例:She never comes to school late.
(他上学从不迟到。)
例:She seldom comes to see me.
(她不常来看我。)
(b)形容词:no,few,little,etc.
例:I have no brothers.(=I don't have brothers.)
(我没有兄弟。)
例:He has few friends in Hong Kong.
(他在香港几乎没有朋友。)
(c)代词:nothing,nobody,none,etc.
例:I know nothing about computer.
(对于电脑我一窍不通。)
I found nobody about computer.
(在那栋房子里我没看到任何人。)
注:1.有些文法书认为“Not +V”为句子否定法,是否定句,而“no +n.或如nothing,etc.”为单词否定法,不宜称为否定句。例如:
例:He doesn't have brother.(否定句)
He has no brothers.(单词否定,但应视为肯定句,因为谓语动词是肯定。)
请注意下面两句的意义上的区别。
例:He doesn't have a breakfast.
He has not a breakfast.
(他不吃早餐。——否定句)
例:He has no breakfast.
(他没有早餐可吃。——单词否定,肯定句)
2.否定也可以借用前缀或后缀来表达,例如:
例:He is honest.
(他是诚实的。)
He is dishonest.(=He in not honest.)
(他不诚实。)
例:They have children.
(他们有小孩。)
They are childless.(=The don't have children.)
(他们没有小孩。)
Drilling Square
Ⅰ.请把下列各句改为否定句。
1.Amy is the best student in my class.
2.Jim has a lot of stamps.
3.John studies very hard this semester.
4.Bill broke the glass yesterday.
5.Did he write you a letter last week?
6.Open the window, Peter.
7.We had a walk after dinner yesterday.
Ⅱ.请把下列各句改为肯定句。
1.She doesn't have to go to school today.
2.My father doesn't go to his office by bus.
3.I didn't see him yesterday.
4.Mr. Smith won't teach us next year.
5.You need not do it today.
6.She cannot run very last.
7.She doesn't wash her clothes herself.