初中定语从句教学课件
初中定语从句教学课件
定语从句，一个简单句跟在一名词或代词后（先行词）进行修饰限定，就叫做 定语从句。在主句中充当定语成分。下面是小编为你带来的初中定语从句教学课件 ，欢迎阅读。
一、教学目标
通过本章复习, 使学生明白定语从句的构成和用法。
二、教学重点和难点
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别；关系代词与关系副词引导定语从句的不同；介词+关系代词引导定语从句；关系代词who, that, which的用法区别。定语从句与同位语从句及其一些句子结构的区别。
三、教学方法
Teacher
1．什么是定语从句?
2．被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。连接先行词与定语从句的引导词叫关系词，其中 which, that, who, whom, whose 这些词叫关系代词，它们在句中用来指人或事物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，whom 只能作宾语。作宾语时，关系代词可省略。而 when, where, why 这些词是关系副词，他们在句子中用来作状语。（请同学们根据以上所述, 给出一些例句, 用来说明。）
3．以上关系代词在使用时也是有很多区别的。（请同学们看下面的句子, 然后说出使用关系代词 that 的原因。）
A．All that is worth doing should be done well.
B．The only thing that she could do was to ask the police for help.
C．We will never forget the first lesson that our English teacher gave us.
D．What is the smallest thing that can be seen under a microscope?
E．The visitors spoke highly of the children and the performances that they saw.
F．Who is the person that let out the secret?
4．下面讲一下只能用关系代词 which 引导的定语从句。
A．在非限制性定语从句中, 指物时只能用 which 不能用 that。
B．在定语从句中, 介词+关系代词引导定语从句指物时, 只能用 which 不能用 that。
（请同学们给出上面两种情况的例句。）
5．对于“介词+关系代词”引导宾语从句, 如何选介词这个问题, 可归纳为下面几点：
A．根据宾语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配。如：Do you know the man with whom you just shook hands?
（句中的 with 来自习惯搭配 shake hands with）
B．由先行词来决定。如： I'll never forget the day on which I joined the Party.
C．由句子表达的全部意义来确定。如：Water is very important for us without which we can't live.
6．有下面两种情况：
A．先行词 all, any 和 a few 指人时, 如：
Any who breaks the law will be punished.
B．先行词是 this, that, those 或 these 且指人时。
Those who hadn't bought the ticket for the train crowded in the waiting hall.
7．请看下面句子, 然后分析一下：
A．The engineer whose son is in America is very kind.
B．Look at the house whose roof is red.
8．请看下面句子, 然后分析一下：
A．I'll go to any place where people need me.
B．I still remember the day when I joined the army.
C．I don't know the reason why he was late.
9．那么, 表示地点、时间的名词后面都被关系副词引导的定语从句所修饰吗？
10．我们知道 as 也可作为关系代词, 引导定语从句, 包括非限制性定语从句和限制性定语从句, 井且多与 such, the same as 并用。 （请同学们翻译下列的句子。）
A．我们知道, 指南针最早是中国人发明的。
B．这支钢笔和我昨天丢的那支很相似。
C．他们今年生产的钢和去年一样多。
D．我们应该和这样的热心、勤奋的人交朋友。
Students
1．在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。连接先行词与定语从句的引导词叫关系词，其中 which, that, who, whom 这些词叫关系代词，它们在句中用来指人或事物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，whom 只能作宾语。作宾语时，关系代词可省略。
2．A．Here is the pen that you lost yesterday. （that 用来指物, 在从句中作宾语, 可以省略掉, that 也可用 which 代替。）
B．The girl who told me the news is not here now. （who 用来指人, 在从句中作主语, that 可以代替 who 用来指人。）
C．The woman who / whom / that you saw in the park is our English teacher. （whom 只能用来指人, 只能作宾语, 在从句中可以省略。）
3．刚才所说的6个句子的宾语从句, 关系代词只能用 that 而不能用其他关系代词, 下面逐个分类分析：
A．先行词是 all, much, little, none, the one 或由 no-, any-, every- 构成的复合代词时。
B．先行词被 all, every, some, little, much, the only, the very 等修饰时。
C．先行词是序数词或被序数词限定时。
D．先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。
E．先行词同时包含人和事物时。
F．当主句是 who 或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时, 为避免重复, 习惯上多用 that。
4．
A．She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth.
非限制性定语从句与主句用逗号隔开, 非限制性定语从句引导词不用that。
B．The games in which the young men competed were difficult.
介词in也可以放在定语从句谓语动词之后, 关系代词which或that可省略。
5．定语从句中, “介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。关系词前选什么样的`介词对我们来说有时束手无策, 希望老师能够归纳出几点巧妙的判断规律。
6．When shall we use the relative pronoun“who”and“whom”?
7．这两句中的定语从句都是由 whose 引导的, 在从句中 whose 只能作定语。
A 句中 whose 修饰人。
B 句中 whose 修饰物, 这个句子相当于：Look at the house the roof of which is red. 或：Look at the house with a red roof.
8．这三个句子中, 所含的定语从句都是由关系副词引导的。
A．where 引导的定语从句修饰一个表地点的名词, where 本身作从句中谓语的地点状语, 这时, where 可由介词 to + which 来替代。
B．when 引导定语从句修饰一个表示时间的名词, when 在从句中作时间状语, when 可用介词 on＋which 来替代。
C．why 引导定语从句修饰一个表示原因的名词, why 在从句中作原因状语。why 可用介词 for + which 来替代。
从以上三个句子来看, 关系副词引导定语从句, 一般情况下, 都可用“介词+关系代词”来替换关系副词。
9．不一定。如果表地点或表时间的名词在定语从句中作主语或宾语, 就不能用关系副词引导宾语从句, 而应由相应的关系代词引导。如：
A．Mike is studying in a school that/which was built in 1928．
B．Those days that / which we spent with Mary were wonderful.
10．
A．As is known to all, the compass was first made in China.
B．This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.
C．They have produced as much iron this year as they did last year.
D．We ought to make friends with such people as kind and hard working.
