上海市静安区高考一模英语试卷

上海市静安区高考一模英语试卷

　　在社会的各个领域，许多人都需要跟试题打交道，试题是命题者根据一定的考核需要编写出来的。你所见过的试题是什么样的呢？以下是小编整理的上海市静安区高考一模英语试卷，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。

　　上海市静安区高考一模英语试卷1

　　一、语法填空

　　Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

　　How Do Avalanches Happen

　　If you’re ever skiing in the mountains, you’ll want to be aware of avalanches. An avalanche is a sudden flow of snow down a slope, such as a mountain. The amount of snow in an avalanche 1. (vary) based on many things, but it can be such a huge amount that it can bury the bottom of a slope in dozens of feet of snow.

　　Avalanches 2. be caused by natural things. For example, new snow or rain can cause built-up snow to loosen and fall down the side of a mountain. Artificial triggers（诱发因素）can also cause avalanches. For example, snowmobiles, skiers, and explosives 3. (know) to lead to avalanches.

　　Avalanches? usually occur? during the? winter? and spring, 4. snowfall? is? greatest.? As they are dangerous to any living beings in their path, avalanches have destroyed forests, roads, railroads and even entire towns. Warning signs exist that allow experts to predict -- and often prevent -- avalanches from 5.

　　? (occur). When over a foot of fresh snow falls, experts know to be on the lookout for avalanches. Explosives can be used in places 6. massive snow buildups to trigger much smaller avalanches that don’t?? pose a danger to persons or property.

　　When deadly avalanches do occur, the moving snow can quickly reach over 80 miles per hour. Skiers caught in such avalanches can be buried under dozens of feet of snow. 7. it’s? possible to dig out? of such avalanches, not all are able to escape.

　　If you get tossed about by an avalanche and find yourself 8. (bury) under many feet of snow, you might not have a true sense of which way is up and which way is down. Some avalanche victims have tried to dig their way out, only to find that they were upside down and digging 9. farther under the snow rather than to the top!

　　Experts suggest that people caught in an avalanche try to dig around? you 10. (create) a space for air, so you can breathe more easily. Then, do your best to figure out which way is up and dig in that direction to reach the surface and signal rescuers.

　　二、完形填空

　　In the Fake News Era, Building Trust with Consumers Is Crucial

　　With consumers growing increasingly frustrated with online advertising and privacy concerns, how to you convince shoppers to buy your narrative（叙述）, let alone your product?

　　A recent report by Trust-Radius, a software review company that connects buyers and vendors（供应商）, may be able to shed some light. Among other interesting findings, it turns out that it may actually benefit brands to be painfully _____ about their products.

　　Consumer awareness of influencer marketing tactics（策略）is increasing. _____? according to the report, most consumers trust online peer _____ as much as recommendations from friends -- and well above company advertising message. Feedback from everyday folks, it seems, actually carries more _____ than a brand ambassador （大使）from an out-of-reach personality.

　　Transparency（透明度）is crucial The report found that there is a large trust _____ between vendors and buyers. While vendors believe they are transparent, most buyers don’t appear to see it. During the sales process, for example, 85 percent of vendors -- _____ to be open about their product’s limitations during the sales process -- but? only 36 percent of buyers share that same view. The reality is, consumers don’t expect any products to be _____ -- they just want to enter relationships with their eyes wide open so that they can _____ the options that are best for? them. They also want brands to be more _____. 66 percent of consumers say they will leave a company if they feel they are being treated like a number and not an inpidual.

　　Along with the combination of take news, advertising fraud, and data leaks, there have been fake reviews as well. Review sites have been _____ giving preferential（优惠的）treatment to paid advertisers, and consumers are increasingly discerning（有辨别力的）, as a result. _____, review sites are not our only source of peer reviews, with social media providing customer experiences on a second - to - second basis. When brands treat every _____ with a customer as a potential review, they’ll start paying more attention to detail, and being alert to delivering a valued and memorable experience every time. Taking feedback seriously also lets current customers feel valued and respected and makes your business seem more approachable. This helps secure _____, and often, these customers? will become brand ambassadors to their friends, family and people they meet online.

　　The challenge for brands today is determining how to use the _____ of the consumer to their advantage. In an age of cutting - edge technology, artificial intelligence, and self-service customer care, it’s odd to acknowledge that the best way to build trust with your customers is by holding an open _____ with your customers. Being more human, transparent, and listening to what people are saying will see your company thrive in an era marked by consumer suspicion.

　　1.A.nervousB.honestC.carefulD.particular

　　2.A.InsteadB.OtherwiseC.MoreoverD.However

　　3.A.reviewsB.reactionsC.experiencesD.instructions

　　4.A.weightB.risksC.warningsD.burdens

　　5.A.relationshipB.influenceC.gapD.extension

　　6.A.refuseB.hesitateC.desireD.claim

　　7.A.advancedB.perfectC.remarkableD.unique

　　8.A.considerB.offerC.selectD.exercise

　　9.A.efficientB.profitableC.humanD.responsible

　　10.A.associated withB.mistaken byC.praised asD.criticized for

　　11.A.On the contraryB.In factC.By contrastD.In a word

　　12.A.cooperationB.complaintC.interactionD.appointment

　　13.A.safetyB.loyaltyC.convenienceD.employment

　　14.A.moneyB.choiceC.habitD.voice

　　15.A.dialogueB.debateC.competitionD.contract

　　三、阅读理解

　　As humanity has got richer, animal’s roles have changed. People need their services less than before. Fewer wolves and thieves meant less demand for dogs for protection; the internal combustion engine（内燃机）made horses unneeded; modern sanitation（卫生设备）kept rats in check and made cats less useful. No longer necessities, domestic animals became luxuries. Pet-keeping seems to kick in when household incomes rise above roughly $5,000. It is booming.

　　The trend is not a new one. Archaeologists（考古学家）have found 10,000-year-old graves in which dogs and people are buried together. Some cultures -- such as in Scandinavia, where dogs have long been both working dogs and companions -- have kept pets for thousands of years. But these days the pet-keeping urge has spread even to parts of the world which have no tradition of sinking into a comfortable chair with a furry creature.

　　The pet business is growing even faster than pet numbers, because people are spending more and more money on them. No longer are they food - waste - recyclers, fed with the remains that fall from their masters’ tables. Pet - food shelves are full of delicacies crafted to satisfy a range of appetites, including ice cream for dogs and foods for pets that are old, diabetic or suffer from sensitive digestion; a number of internet services offer food, tailored to the pet’s inpidual tastes.

　　In the business this is called “pet humanisation” -- the tendency of pet owners to treat their pets as part of the family. This is evident in the names given to dogs, which have evolved from Fido, Rex and Spot to -- in America -- Bella, Lucy and Max. It is evident in the growing market for pet clothing, pet grooming and pet hotels.

　　People still assume that pets must be working for humanity in some way, perhaps making people healthier or less anxious. But the evidence for that is weak. Rather, new research suggests that dogs have evolved those irresistible “puppy - dog eyes” precisely to affect human emotions. It has worked. The species that once enslaved others now works very hard to pay for the care of its pets. Sentimental（多愁善感的）Americans often refer to themselves not as cat-owners but as the cat’s “mommy” or “daddy”. South Koreans go one further, describing themselves as cat “butlers”. Watch an unlucky dog-walker trailing “his” hound（猎犬）, plastic bag in hand to pick up its mess, and you have to wonder: who’s in charge now?

　　1.Which of the following trends is NOT TRUE according to the passage?

　　A.People’s needs for animal services are decreasing.

　　B.Both the pet number and the pet business are growing.

　　C.Pets are increasingly making their owners less anxious.

　　D.Pet foods are more various and customized than before.

　　2.Which of the following is referred to as evidence of “pet humanization?”

　　A.The names given to pets in American families nowadays.

　　B.Pet’s inbuilt ability to affect emotions of their owners.

　　C.Human beings ever rising urge for pet-keeping.

　　D.Pet’s roles as both working staff and companions.

　　3.Which of the following statements is the author most likely to agree with?

　　A.Pets should be treated as equals of their human masters.

　　B.Human beings are getting much benefit from their pets.

　　C.Pet-keeping is still restricted within certain parts of the world.

　　D.Some pet owners spend too much money on their pets.

　　4.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

　　A.The Changing Roles of AnimalsB.The Urge for Pet-keeping

　　C.Who Owns WhomD.Love Me, Love My Dog

　　Depression hurts, Prozac can help

　　Depression isn’t just feeling down. It’s a real illness with real causes. Depression can be triggered by stressful life events, like porce or a death in the family. Or it can appear suddenly, for no apparent reason.

　　Some people think you can just will yourself out of a depression. That’s not true. Many doctors believe that one thing that may cause depression is an imbalance of serotonin -- a chemical in your body. If this happens, you may have trouble sleeping. Feel unusually sad or irritable easily. Find it hard to concentrate. Lose your appetite. Lack energy. Or have trouble feeling pleasure. These are some of the symptoms that can point to depression -- especially if they last for more than a couple of weeks and if normal, everyday life feels like to much to handle.

　　To help fight depression, the medicine doctors now prescribe（开处方）most often is Prozac. Prozac isn’t a “happy pill”. It’s not a tranquilizer（镇静剂）. It won’t turn you into a different person.

　　Some people do experience mild side effects, like upset stomach, headaches, difficulty sleeping, sleepiness, anxiety and nervousness. These tend to go away within a few weeks of starting treatment, and usually aren’t serious enough to make most people stop taking it. However, if you are concerned about a side effect, or if you develop a rash（皮疹）, tell your doctor right away. And don’t forget to tell your doctor any other medicines you are taking.

　　Some people should not take Prozac, especially people an MAO inhibitors（单胺抑制剂）.

　　As you start feeling better, your doctor can suggest therapy or other means to help you work through your depression. Prozac has been carefully studied for nearly 10 years. But remember, Prozac is a prescription medicine, and it isn’t right for everyone. Only your doctor can decide if Prozac is right for you -- or for someone you love. Prozac has been prescribed for more than 17 million Americans. Chances are someone you know is feeling sunny again because of it.

　　1.All the following are true EXCEPT ____.

　　A.It is easy to get rid of depression through tremendous determination.

　　B.Sleep disorder is characteristic of depression symptoms.

　　C.Depression can be caused by combination of factors.

　　D.Depression is a psychological state taking the form of low mood.

　　2.What can we learn about Prozac from this piece of information?

　　A.Prozac is a newly developed drug to treat depression.

　　B.patients who take Prozac can experience severe side a effects.

　　C.A medical prescription is necessary for Prozac.

　　D.Over 17 million Americans have been cured by Prozac.

　　3.This piece of information is most probably ____.

　　A.an introduction to a scientific project

　　B.a part of prescription drug instructions

　　C.a part of a research report in a medical journal

　　D.an advertisement of a medicine for depression

　　Learning a second language is tricky at any age (and it only gets tougher the longer you wait to open that dusty French book). Now, in a new study, scientists have pinpointed the exact age at which your chances of reading fluency in a second language seems to plummet: 10.

　　The study, published in the journal Cognition, found that it’s “nearly impossible” for language learners to reach native - level fluency if they start learning a second tongue after 10. But that doesn’t seem to be because language skills go downhill. “It turns out you’re still learning fast. It’s just that you run out of time, because your ability to learn starts dropping at around 17 or 18 years old,” says study co-author Joshua Hartshorne, an assistant professor of psychology at Boston College.

　　Kids may be better than adults at learning new languages for many reasons. Children’s brains are more plastic than those of adults, meaning they’re better able to adapt and respond to new information. “All learning involves the brain changing,” Hartshorne says, “and children’s brains seem to be a lot more skilled at changing.”

　　Kids may also be more willing to try new things (and to potentially look foolish in the process) than adults are. Their comparatively new grasp on their native tongue may also be advantageous. Unlike adults, who tend to default（默认）to the rules and patterns of their first language, kids may be able to approach a new one with a blank slate（石板）.

　　These findings may seems discouraging, but it was heartening for scientists to learn that the critical period for fluent language acquisition might be longer than they previously thought. Some scientists believed that the brief window closes shortly after birth, while others stretched it only to early adolescence. Compared to those estimates, 17 or 18 -- when language learning ability starts to drop off -- seems relatively old. “People fared better when thy learned by immersion（沉浸）, rather than simply in a classroom. And moving to a place where our desired language is spoken is the best way to learn as an adult. If that’s not an option, you can mimic? an? immersive? environment? by? finding? ways? to? have? conversations? with? native? speakers? in? their own communities,” Hartshorne says. By doing so, it’s possible to become conversationally proficient -- even without the advantage of a child’s brain.

　　1.The word “plummet” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “____”.

　　A.plungeB.riseC.endD.vary

　　2.What can be inferred from Joshua Hartshorne’s words?

　　A.Age 10 -18 is the best time to learn a second language.

　　B.Children are too young to grasp a second language.

　　C.Communicating with native speakers enables you to master all the language skills.

　　D.Adults go beyond the critical period for learning a second language.

　　3.What might be the reason why adults can’t reach native - level fluency in a second language?

　　A.Adults are less influenced by their mother tongues

　　B.Adults are only too willing to experience something awkward in the process.

　　C.Adults spend more time responding to new information.

　　D.Adults prefer an immersive environment to a classroom in learning a second language.

　　4.The passage is mainly about____.

　　A.the approaches to learning a second language

　　B.the best age to learn a second language.

　　C.why kids learn a second language more easily than adults

　　D.whether adults can learn a second language like their younger selves

　　四、六选四

　　Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

　　Search for a Human Face for Robots

　　Looking for a $130,000 payday? Geomiq, a British engineering and manufacturing firm is searching for a “kind and friendly” face to be the face of a robot once it goes into production. “This will entail（需要）the selected person’s face being reproduced on potentially thousands of versions of the robots worldwide,” Geomiq says in a blog post about the project.

　　Robots have been at the forefront of technology for decades, and are widely considered the future of our technological advancement. With the number of adults over 85 expected to triple by 20xx, according to some estimates, robots designed to keep the elderly company are becoming increasingly common. 1.

　　They do things like responding to voice commands, offering proactive（积极主动的）notifications and advice and letting relatives monitor conditions at home. There is still a long way to go but new robotic products are coming into fruition all the time. Geomiq says the robot line has been in the works for five years and will result in a companion for seniors.

　　The designer has noted in an interview with a select press pool that they can’t release too many details at this stage. 2. The designer has also stressed that unsuccessful candidates will not be contacted. The company says the need for anonymity（匿名）is due to the secretive nature of the project. However, it believes the robot will soon be “readily available” to the public and hopes the campaign will create extra buzz ahead of its eventual release. “We know that this is an extremely unique request, and signing over the licenses to your face is potentially an extremely big decision,” Geomiq said.

　　3. The designer has said that the project has been in development for five years, and in that time frame taken on investment from some independent venture capitals as well as a top fund based in Shanghai. the company says the robots’ purpose will be to act as a “virtual friend” for elderly people and is set to go into production next year.

　　The blog past doesn’t share age or gender parameters（参数）. 4. Candidates who make it to the next phase will get full details on the project. “The secrecy,” Geomiq says, “is due to non-disclosure agreement it’s signed with the robot’s designer and investors.”

　　A. A technology company wants to buy the rights to use someone’s face for its robots.

　　B. It just asks people who want to license their face to submit a photo via email for?? the chance at $130,000.

　　C. It is a once - in - a - while opportunity for the right person.

　　D. They also serve a practical purpose.

　　E. The company is privately - funded.

　　F. However, ideal candidates will be given the specifics of the project.

　　五、概要写作

　　Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

　　Do We Need Art in Our Lives

　　No one will be surprised to hear that the arts are under fire in this day and age. We view the arts as something of a hobby, something that’s fun but certainly can’t pay the rent. If it’s not a useful skill, no wonder arts funding is being cut in schools. Do we really need art in our lives?

　　In schools, time and money is at a premium （稀有而珍贵）, now more than ever. With teachers having to fit so many lessons into every day. it’s easy to see why art is dropping more and more by the wayside. Budgets are dropping at an alarming rate, and what school is going to drop teaching in essential subjects such as math or science when they can drop art instead?

　　It seems as though the loss of art in daily life is sad fact of life, but it doesn’t have to be. There are actually a lot of practical uses for art for many people. For example, art therapy has helped people with a range of illnesses, both mental and physical, cope with their symptoms. Art is found almost anywhere you look in your home. Practical items, such as bedspreads, furniture or clothing, are all art forms in themselves and arouse emotions in the people interacting with them.

　　Art also gives us insight into the world. History tells us what happened and when it happened, but it can’t tell us how the population at large felt about it, which is where art steps in. We know a lot about how people in the past lived and worded, because their art has given us much a deep insight into their daily lives. We wouldn’t have that insight without it.

　　Most of all, we need art in our lives as it gives us a form of self-expression. Being able to talk about our feelings is essential to staying healthy. You may not think ou talk about your feelings, but you may express them in other ways. Some like to cook or bake, some like to work machinery, and others may like to paint or draw. Whatever you like to do in your spare time, you’re probably creating art every day.

　　So, do we need art in our lives? Many people would say no, but the art they’re thinking of is the art you see in galleries. Art is actually much more accessible and it truly needed in everyday life. It helps those in need, gives people in the future an idea of what life was like, and is a vital form of self-expression.

　　六、汉译英

　　Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

　　1.学而不思犹如食而不化。(like)

　　2.年轻人要有雄心壮志，不应安于现状。(satisfy)

　　3.这部电视剧旨在向观众传递家庭价值观，独立与义务之间的冲突可以通过容忍，理解和爱来解决。(that)

　　4.正是老一辈人的艰苦奋斗使祖国发生了巨大变化，未来掌握在我们年轻人手中，我们决不辜负期望。(lie)

　　七、提纲类作文

　　Directions: Write an English composition in 120 - 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

　　假设你是明启中学的王华，你校学生会将举办主题为“Looking for the Chinese Spirit”的英语演讲比赛， 请你作为参赛者写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：

　　1. 描述生活中最感动你的'一个人或一件事，并说明其体现了怎样的中国精神；

　　2. 你获得的启发及感受

　　（注意：请勿出现真实的姓名与学校）

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　　上海市静安区高考一模英语试卷2

　　I. Listening ComprehensionSection A（10分）Directions：In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation，a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possible answers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.

　　1．（1分）A．At a bus station．

　　B．At a gas station．

　　C．At a military museum．

　　D．At a mobile phone shop．

　　2．（1分）A．3．

　　B．5．

　　C．8．

　　D．11．

　　3．（1分）A．He had difficulty going to sleep at night．

　　B．He stayed up late watching TV series．

　　C．He produced an attractive TV series．

　　D．He had to buy a new sleeping pillow．

　　4．（1分）A．The woman should clean up the closet．

　　B．The woman has bought too many new clothes．

　　C．The woman should put on some weight．

　　D．The woman should buy more clothes．

　　5．（1分）A．The sunlight will bum up the jacket．

　　B．The beach is too cold．

　　C．She is proud of her dark skin color．

　　D．The sunlight is helpful to her．

　　6．（1分）A．Many activities were arranged in the bookshop．

　　B．Many people were listening to a writers lecture．

　　C．The bookshop was popular because of the book resources．

　　D．People went to the bookshop to get free books．

　　7．（1分）A．Customers can pay cash．

　　B．There are more varieties of goods．

　　C．Customers can get a bargain price．

　　D．Customers can receive the goods faster．

　　8．（1分）A．Peter isn't in his hometown himself

　　B．Peter isn't their good friend．

　　C．Peter is unlikely to appear to pick them up．

　　D．Peter owns an empty house in his hometown．

　　9．（1分）A．Do a part﹣time job on campus．

　　B．Borrow money from the woman．

　　C．Obtain financial assistance from school．

　　D．Study a practical case on campus．

　　10．（1分）A．The man had a bad time eating with his boss．

　　B．The man had a stomachache after lunch．

　　C．The man enjoys eating with co﹣workers．

　　D．The man is particular about the food he eats．

　　Section BDirections：In Section B，you will hear two Passages and one longer conversation. After eachpassage or conversation，you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice，but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question，readthe four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the questionyou have heard.

　　11．（4.5分）（1）A．Users can choose height range．

　　B．Users can improve their eyesight．

　　C．Users can select the SPF of the cream．

　　D．Users can get a full exposure to the cream．

　　（2）A．The laziness of the inventor．

　　B．The needs of the hotels．

　　C．The fund the inventor obtained．

　　D．The online usage video．

　　（3）A．Inserting coins into the equipment．

　　B．Paying cash to the inventor．

　　C．Buying Snappy Screen card．

　　D．Paying for the hotel room．

　　12．（4.5分）（1）A．He got a medal for courage．

　　B．He would become a French citizen．

　　C．He got a position in the fire service．

　　D．He received a large sum of money．

　　（2）A．He was playing a game．

　　B．He was sleeping in the balcony．

　　C．He was staying with his family．

　　D．He was injured．

　　（3）A．The balcony was not strong enough．

　　B．The boy's father left him alone at home．

　　C．The house was on fire．

　　D．Firemen broke into the house．

　　13．（6分）（1）A．The origin of AI technology．

　　B．The bad influences AI might bring．

　　C．The changes AI brings to humans．

　　D．The waterproof feature of AI technology．

　　（2）A．Too few people he has interviewed．

　　B．The inferior AI products on the market．

　　C．The lack of resources on AI theory．

　　D．The lack of fund for the study．

　　（3）A．It is located in the downtown area．

　　B．It has professional staff．

　　C．It offers great online resource．

　　D．It opens to general public free of charge．

　　（4）A．To prove that the applicant has legal income．

　　B．To guarantee applicant's ability to pay overdue fine．

　　C．To use the bank card as the membership card．

　　D．To pay the membership fee．

　　II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word，fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word；for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.

　　14．（10分）"I love the work and experience I've gained，but I am frustrated by the disorganized management．Also，I've been told I can't ask for more money．I can get a new job with more pay，but will（1）（leave）within a year hurt my professional reputation？"

　　The answer is，" it depends．"

　　When we choose to leave a new job early，it sends the message that（2）is terribly wrong，especially in the current economic climate（3）unemployment is higher and people are dying for jobs．That means you will somehow look suspicious（4）you say about the leave．Saying the work is great but you don't like management or the pay won't go over well with employers．To them，it sounds a bit selfish and needy．No doubt，they（5）（question）your ability to be patient or be a good team player．

　　Employers dislike people who are unhappy in a job after less than a year．It implies impatience and lack of appreciation for the employer．Plus，you're getting paid to do work you actually like，so they（6）assume that you can't put up with a little disorganization．And speaking of pay，most companies work（7）an annual review basis，so suddenly asking for more money doesn't work for their budgets．

　　So，what's the solution？

　　Focus on your desire（8）（develop）professionally．"It's a tough decision to leave this great company．I love the work I am doing．However，it（9）（make）clear to me that there Is no room for me to grow my skills as a professional．My fear is if I stay，I will become（10）（competitive）down the line．I want to move to a company where I can take my skills and abilities to the next level and create even more value for my employer．"

　　Section BDirections：Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

　　15．（10分）

　　A．combination B．sheets C．flexible D．rejected E．heal

　　F．imitate G．chemical H．damage I．setting J．necessarily K．severe

　　Artificial skin is a substitute for human skin produced in the laboratory，typically used to treat burns．Different types of artificial skin differ in their complexity，but all are designed to（1）at least some of the skin's basic functions，which include protecting against wetness and infection and regulating body heat．

　　Skin is primarily made of two layers：the uppermost layer，the epidermis，which serves as a protection against the environment；and the dermis，the layer below the epidermis．The dermis also contains substances，which help to make the skin（2）and maintain its biological functions．

　　Artificial skins close wounds，which prevents bacterial infection and water loss and in result the wounded skin can（3）．For example，one commonly used artificial skin，Integra．functions as a support between cells that helps regulate cell behavior and causes a new dermis to form by promoting cell growth and collagen（股原质）（4）．The Integra "dermis" is also biodegradable（可生物降解的）．It is gradually absorbed and replaced by the new dermis．

　　Aside from its uses in the clinical（5），artificial skin may also be used to model human skin for research．For example，artificial skin is used as an alternative in animal testing．Such testing may cause（6）pain and discomfort to the animals and it does not（7）predict the response of human skin．Some companies like L'óreal have already used artificial skin to test many（8）ingredients and products．Other research applications include how skin is affected by UV exposure and how certain substances in sunscreen and medicines are transported through skin．

　　Today new technology has been developed by growing（9）of skin taken from the patient or other humans．One major source is the foreskins of newborns．Such cells often do not stimulate the body's immune system﹣a mechanism that allows babies to develop within their mother's body﹣and hence are much less likely to be（10）by the patient's body．

　　Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections：For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A，B，C，and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

　　16．（15分）You've been painting for a few years，and maybe you have even sold a painting or two．Are you ready to（1）the title of an amateur artist？

　　Distinguishing green hand from professional artists is（2）task．It is not just a matter of your ability to create nice paintings．It's not only about painting techniques．And for most cases，it doesn't happen（3）．Very few artists become overnight success without years of struggle and suffering．

　　To turn professional，people find it critical to develop a personal style．What makes your paintings（4）among other paintings out there？Are your paintings standing out unmistakably directed to you as the creator？A personal style comes along with technique，painting medium，and subject and it tends to develop gradually over time．You（5）it through unconscious and constant exploring and self﹣shaping．Style does not mean that you are painting the same subject or using the same painting medium．Salvador Dali used to use many artistic media，but they all have a（6）Dali style．Style refers to the emotions and thoughts delivered by your paintings，which people can identify with．Their（7）of the painter is then a sure thing．

　　Artists talk about their（8）all of the time．What gets you out of bed every morning to paint？How do you find the energy to have all your time devoted to painting？ （9），we all love to do what we do and we get a satisfaction out of creating．For the professional artist，it goes beyond that．Some artists wish to convey a deep message concerning life，society or even politics．Others simply seek（10）returns to cover kids' tuition fees or pay family bills．Yet，all professional artists know that they have to keep working to achieve the goals．

　　Many amateur artists passively wait for（11）to come．If they are not in the mood，they do not bother wasting the time．They sometimes allow themselves to be occupied by events like parties．Professionals are never easily（12）or torn away from their art work in progress．Focused on their work so much，some even regard spending time outside their（13）as crime（14）is their secret to high productivity．

　　Besides，professional artists are constantly prepared to grab new ideas for the next painting，which they believe is sure to be better than the previous one．The belief that there is always room for（15）keeps driving them forward in the art world where many masters have come along．

　　（1）A．step beyond

　　B．turn off

　　C．see through

　　D．make up

　　（2）A．rewarding

　　B．tricky

　　C．formal

　　D．temporary

　　（3）A．inpidually

　　B．thoroughly

　　C．instantly

　　D．sincerely

　　（4）A．unique

　　B．superior

　　C．practical

　　D．reliable

　　（5）A．acquire

　　B．transfer

　　C．imitate

　　D．analyze

　　（6）A．recent

　　B．distinct

　　C．modest

　　D．logical

　　（7）A．preservation

　　B．employment

　　C．adaption

　　D．recognition

　　（8）A．background

　　B．significance

　　C．motivation

　　D．routine

　　（9）A．To sum up

　　B．In contrast

　　C．In addition

　　D．In general

　　（10）A．academic

　　B．global

　　C．financial

　　D．original

　　（11）A．inspiration

　　B．fame

　　C．guidance

　　D．solution

　　（12）A．offended

　　B．dominated

　　C．distracted

　　D．rewarded

　　（13）A．studio

　　B．bedroom

　　C．garage

　　D．garden

　　（14）A．Reflection

　　B．Devotion

　　C．Creativity

　　D．Illustration

　　（15）A．negotiation

　　B．profit

　　C．criticism

　　D．improvement

　　Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C，and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

　　17．（8分）I boarded a small plane together with my sister and 42other passengers．While flying over the mountains，the plane encountered violent airflow．Losing control suddenly，it hit an unknown mountain peak．The impact of the crash claimed the lives of a few passengers immediately，leaving many injured including my sister．

　　Adding a slight chance of being found out，we waited in the open，as opposed to waiting in the plane，even though it was freezing cold．At night，we slept side by side to keep ourselves warm and melted snow into water．We knew our food couldn't last us long，sticking to the hope that we would be rescued soon．

　　We knew from radio that the outside world was trying to look for the missing aircraft．However，the aircraft was white and blended in with the snow，making it impossible to be seen from the sky．Later，our hope was dead when we found out via our radio that the rescue effort ended．

　　Now climbing over the mountains ourselves to search for help seemed to be our only chance of survival．Although the crash site was an awful place，with urine（尿）everywhere and smelling of death，I still wished to stay there．But my sister would give in to her injuries soon if we were not rescued．Thus，together with two other people，Canessa and Vizintin，I decided to walk through the icy wilderness for help．Carrying some food and water，the three climbers started our journey．If we had known anything about climbing，we would have realized that we were already finished．The mountain we were about to challenge was one with slopes so steep that it would scare away a team of expert climbers．Our ignorance provided our only chance．

　　We endured exhaustion and starvation and we had reached the top．

　　To our horror，we found nothing．Disappointed，we were about to give up hope when I spotted a valley at the base of the mountain and again we started making our way down the mountain．

　　Eventually，at the bottom of the mountain we were helped by a local farmer who called the police for help．I then guided the rescue team via a helicopter to the crash site．Finally，after we had endured nineteen cruel days，the world found out that there were 16survivors who had cheated death despite the odds．

　　（1）Why did they stay outside the plane？

　　A．Because they didn't want to stay with dead people inside．

　　B．Because it's easier to obtain melted snow for water．

　　C．Because they hoped to be seen by the rescue people．

　　D．Because other passengers were against staying inside．

　　（2）Why did the author leave the crash site despite his wish to stay？

　　A．Because he could get help from two experienced climbers．

　　B．Because his sister might die without timely medical help．

　　C．Because the crash site was too terrible for him to stay in．

　　D．Because he would like to be tested by the steep mountain slopes．

　　（3）Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？

　　A．Rescue people didn't notice the aircraft because of its color at the beginning．

　　B．The public knew where the plane crashed from the radio．

　　C．The author gave up the climb halfway due to disappointment．

　　D．More than half of the plane passengers were finally rescued．

　　（4）The underlined sentence "had cheated death despite the odds "is closest in meaning to．

　　A．had told lies about death in spite of reality

　　B．had avoided death in spite of huge difficulties

　　C．had treated death with positive attitude

　　D．had almost died in spite of strange expectation

　　18．（6分）

　　Rubbermaid Commercial Stainless（不锈的）Steel Oven Monitoring Thermometer（温度计）FGTHO 550

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　　Easy﹣to﹣Read Dial

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　　With its stainless steel construction and rock﹣resistant lens，this thermometer withstands tough and repeated use．And with its long 10﹣year warranty，it's sure to become one of your kitchen mainstays．

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　　（1）Which of the following features does the product enjoy？

　　A It's made of quality plastic easy to be bent．

　　B．It is assisted with electronic dial reading system．

　　C．It could be positioned within the oven in two ways．

　　D．It is resistant to shake and press

　　（2）Which description about the product is true？

　　A．It provides unconditional domestic and international shopping．

　　B．It sells best in Oven Thermometers section on Amazon

　　C．Over 3000 customers have commented on the product．

　　D．It could be paid for only through credit card．

　　（3）Which of the following products is NOT likely to be manufactured by Rubbermaid Commercial Products？

　　A．Deskside Plastic Wastebasket．

　　B．Airtight Snack Container

　　C．Full Pan Carrier

　　D．Over﹣ear Bass Sound Stereo Headphones

　　19．（8分）Canada is a bilingual country with "co﹣official" languages．English and French enjoy equal status as the official languages of all federal government institutions in Canada．This means that the public has the right to communicate with and receive services from，federal（联邦的）government institutions in either English or French．Federal government employees have the right to work in the official language of their choice in designated bilingual regions．

　　Like the United States，Canada started as a colony．Beginning in the 1500s，it was part of New France but later became a British colony after the Seven Years' War．As a result，the Canadian government recognized the languages of both colonizers：France and England．The Constitution（宪法）Act of 1867enshrined the use of both languages in Parliament and in federal courts．Years later，Canada strengthened its commitment to bilingualism when it passed the Official Languages Act of 1969，which reaffirmed the constitutional origins of its co﹣official languages and set out the protections afforded by its dual﹣language status．

　　Recognition of both English and French protects the rights of all Canadians．Among other benefits，the 1969 Act recognized that Canadian citizens should be able to access federal laws and government documents，whether their native language was French or English．The general law also requires that consumer products feature bilingual packaging throughout the country．

　　The Canadian federal government is committed to advancing the equality of status and use of the English and French languages within Canadian society and provides support to the development of English and French linguistic minority communities．However，the reality is that most Canadians speak English，and of course，many Canadians speak another language entirely．

　　Although the federal government theoretically guarantees bilingual services in all areas，there are many regions of Canada where English is the clear majority language，so the government does not always offer services in French in those regions．Canadians use the phrase "where numbers warrant" to indicate whether a local population's language usage requires bilingual services from the federal government．

　　While many Canadians are bilingual，they are not only speaking English or French．Statistic Canada finds that more than 200 languages that were not English or French，were reported as a language spoken by its people．About two﹣thirds of the respondents who spoke one of these languages also spoke either English or French．

　　（1）The acceptance of two official languages in Canada is due to．

　　A．the language﹣using tradition caused by Canada's colonial history．

　　B．the convenience for business dealings by using two languages in the country．

　　C．the welcome attitude toward immigrates from all over the world．

　　D．the mastery of two languages of Canadians because of school education．

　　（2）In reality whether bilingual service provided by the federal government is necessary in different districts is decided by．

　　A．the legal order from the federal government

　　B．the popularity of the language in the world

　　C．the number of schools teaching the language

　　D．the number of local people using the language

　　（3）Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage？

　　A．English has gained superior legal position to French because of bigger number of users in Canada．

　　B．The legal court usage of French and English was established in Canada in 1969．

　　C．Both French and English should be used on products in Canada according to federal law．

　　D．Canadian people speak either French or English in social communication．

　　（4）What is the main idea of the passage？

　　A．The advantage of using multiple languages in Canada

　　B．The history and current situation of two language used in Canada

　　C．The disadvantaged status of the French language used in Canada．

　　D．Canadians' advancement in balancing two languages in business world．

　　Section C Directions：Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentences given in the box. Each sentences can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

　　20．（8分）

　　A．They are even believed to possess some level of consciousness．

　　B．The creature instantly loses consciousness in half a second．

　　C．Legal prohibition becomes the major consideration for restaurants when choosing a cooking method．

　　D．Except for moral consideration，many chefs believe stress negatively affects the flavor of the meat．

　　E．It's difficult to assess pain in other species because we cannot communicate as easily．

　　F．It beats the former method by saving chefs' effort in cleaning the creature．

　　Unit the 1980s，scientists were trained to ignore animal pain，according to the belief that the ability to feel pain was associated only with higher consciousness．However，today，scientists view humans as a species of animals，and largely accept that many species are capable of some level of self﹣awareness．People are coming to realize that other species might also enjoy the luxury of emotion．

　　If you slap（掌击）another person in the face，you can estimate their pain level of self﹣awareness．People are coming to realize that other species might also enjoy the luxury of emotion．

　　If you slap（击掌）another person in the face，you can estimate their pain level by what they do or say in response，（1）Gradually，scientists have developed a set of indicators of pain response in non﹣human animals．Demonstrating a response to a negative stimulation and displaying protective behavior of injured areas are two major signs．

　　But huge disagreement exists．For example，scientists disagree over whether or not lobsters（龙虾）feel pain．Some researchers argue lobsters are two dissimilar to vertebrates（脊椎动物）to feel pain．Nonetheless，lobsters do satisfy all of the standards for a pain response．Lobsters guard their injuries，and learn to avoid dangerous situations．（2）In result，today most scientists agree that injuring a lobster causes physical pain．

　　Due to growing evidence that the lobsters may feel pain，it is now illegal to boil lobsters alive or keep them on ice in some countries．Currently，boiling lobsters alive is illegal in Switzerland and New Zealand．Even in locations where boiling lobsters remains legal，many restaurants prefer more humane methods．（3）To satisfy picky diners，more restaurants rule out the cruel cooking methods．Stabbing a lobster in the head isn't a good option，as it neither kills the lobster nor makes it unconscious．

　　Currently，the most humane tool for cooking a lobster is the CrustaStun．This device electrocutes（ 点击）a lobster．（4）The following process of cooking is sure to cause no pain．In contrast，it takes about 2 minutes for a lobster to die from boiling water during which time pain lasts．

　　IV. Summary Writing

　　21．（10分）Directions：Read the following passage．Summarize the main idea and the main point（s）of the passage in no more than 60 words．Use your own words as far as possible．

　　So，when you picked up a few things in a supermarket，a guy ran his cart over your toe with no apology．By the time when a fellow motorist had cut you off in traffic，with a rude hand gesture or two，wasn't it a relief to get to the office？

　　The answer is a definite yes．It is found that most American people today think public rudeness is on the rise，and most see that as a "major problem．" Moreover，it's getting worse．Last year，people reported encountering an average of 6.2 instances per week of evil behavior．This year，the number had shot up to 10.6．

　　The exception，it seems，is the Workshops．More than 90% of us see companies offices as．what is immune（免疫）to social bad manners．Workplaces are gettig more civil in many people's eyes．The reported cases of office incivility this year declined to 0.29%﹣markedly lower than cases of running into rudeness online（39%），or while driving（also39%）．

　　Of course，less﹣than﹣polite driving or letting loose with an online conduct code is，after all，unlikely to cost anyone his next raise or promotion．However，being on one's best behavior in any professional field is generally a common﹣sense career awareness for anyone seeking job development．

　　But there's more to it．Trends in how companies operate seem to have the welcome effect of encouraging coworkers to play nice．CEOS，and managers at all levels，are now keen on cooperation．They are trying to build a‘Best Places to Work' culture，to attract the best available talents．This emphasis on co﹣working atmosphere really requires civil interactions between people．

　　Nonetheless，a significant number of employees believe there's more to be done．Asked what changes they'd like to see，62% hope that"civility training will be continued"，looking for bigger progress in the workplace manners．

　　V. TranslationDirections：Translate the following sentences into English，using the words given in the brackets.

　　22．（3分）您可联系校办公室了解更多信息．（contact）

　　23．（4分）玛丽迫不及待地要使用刚下载的软件．（wait）

　　24．（4分）维生素片能否替代食物为我们提供足够能量仍然未知．（remain）

　　25．（4分）尽管不同学科教师的教学风格不尽相同，他们都密切关注学生的发展．（vary）

　　Ⅵ. Guided Writing

　　26．（25分）Directions：Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．

　　你是刘晓，你班本学期剩余一笔总额两千元的班费（class fee）结余．目前有两个使用方案：②为每位同学订阅一份英语周刊（English Weekly）．给班委会 （class committee）写一封信，谈谈你的看法．信中必须包括：

　　● 你赞同的方案；

　　● 你赞同该方案的理由；

　　● 你对于执行此方案的建议．

　　（信中不得出现考生姓名，学校等真实信息）