初高中英语语法【实用5篇】

初高中英语语法 篇一

As students progress through their English language studies in middle and high school, they are introduced to more complex grammar rules and structures. Understanding and mastering these grammar concepts is essential for building a strong foundation in English.

One important aspect of English grammar that students learn in middle and high school is verb tenses. Verbs can change form to indicate the time at which an action takes place. There are several different tenses in English, including present, past, and future. Students must learn how to correctly conjugate verbs in each tense and understand when to use each one.

Another key grammar concept that students learn in middle and high school is subject-verb agreement. This rule states that the subject of a sentence must agree with the verb in number. For example, "He plays basketball" is correct, while "He play basketball" is incorrect. Understanding subject-verb agreement is crucial for clear and effective communication in English.

Students also learn about sentence structure and punctuation in middle and high school English classes. They must understand how to construct sentences with proper grammar and syntax, including the use of commas, periods, and other punctuation marks. Learning how to effectively structure sentences will help students communicate their ideas clearly and effectively in writing.

Overall, mastering English grammar in middle and high school is essential for students to become proficient in the language. By learning verb tenses, subject-verb agreement, and sentence structure, students can improve their writing and communication skills. Practice and repetition are key to reinforcing these grammar concepts and becoming confident English language users.

初高中英语语法 篇二

In addition to verb tenses, subject-verb agreement, and sentence structure, students in middle and high school also learn about other important grammar concepts in English. One such concept is the use of pronouns. Pronouns are words that take the place of nouns in a sentence, such as "he," "she," "it," "they," and "we." Students must learn how to use pronouns correctly to avoid confusion and maintain clarity in their writing.

Another important grammar concept that students learn in middle and high school is the use of articles. Articles are words such as "a," "an," and "the" that are used to indicate whether a noun is specific or general. Understanding when and how to use articles correctly is crucial for conveying meaning accurately in English.

Students also learn about adjectives and adverbs in middle and high school English classes. Adjectives are words that describe nouns, while adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. Learning how to use adjectives and adverbs effectively can help students add depth and detail to their writing.

Finally, students in middle and high school also learn about conjunctions, prepositions, and interjections. Conjunctions are words that connect phrases or clauses, such as "and," "but," and "or." Prepositions show the relationship between nouns and other words in a sentence, while interjections are words used to express emotion or surprise.

Overall, mastering these grammar concepts in middle and high school is essential for students to become proficient in English. By learning about pronouns, articles, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, prepositions, and interjections, students can improve their writing and communication skills. Practice and reinforcement of these grammar concepts are key to becoming confident English language users.

初高中英语语法 篇三

  如:sports meeting 运动会

  students reading-room 学生阅览室

  talks table 谈判桌

  the foreign languages department 外语系

  2) man, woman, gentleman等作定语时,其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。

  如:men workers women teachers

  gentlemen officials

  3) 有些原有s结尾的名词,作定语时,s保留。

  如:goods train (货车)

  arms produce 武器生产

  customs papers 海关文件

  clothes brush衣刷

  4) 数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式。

  如:two-dozen eggs 两打/(二十四个鸡蛋)

  a ten-mile walk 十里路

  two-hundred trees 两百棵树

  a five-year plan. 一个五年计划

  个别的有用复数作定语的,如: a seven-years child

  1.6 不同国家的人的单复数

  名称 总称(谓语用复数) 一个人 两个人

  中国人 the Chinese a Chinese two Chinese

  瑞士人 the Swiss a Swiss two Swiss

  澳大利亚人the an two

  Australians Australian Australians 俄国人 the Russians a Russian two Russians

  意大利人 the Italians an Italian two Italians

  希腊人 the Greek a Greek two Greeks

  法国人 the French a Frenchman two Frenchmen

  日本人 the Japanese a Japanese two Japanese

  美国人 the Americans an American two Americans

  印度人 the Indians an Indian two Indians

  加拿大人 the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians

  德国人 the Germans a Germans two Germans

  英国人 the English an Englishman two Englishmen

  瑞典人 the Swedish a Swede two Swedes

  1.7 名词的格

  在英语中有些名词可以加"'s"来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为该名词的

  所有格,如:a teacher's book。名词所有格的规则如下:

  1) 单数名词词尾加"'s",复数名词词尾没有s,也要加"'s",如the boy's bag 男孩的书包,men's room 男厕所。

  2) 若名词已有复数词尾-s ,只加"'",如:the workers' struggle 工人的斗争。

  3) 凡不能加"'s"的名词,都可以用"名词+of +名词"的结构来表示所有关系,如:the

  title of the song 歌的名字。

  4) 在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时,名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰

  的名词,如:the barber's 理发店。

  5) 如果两个名词并列,并且分别有's,则表示"分别有";只有一个's,则表示'共有'。 如:John's and Mary's room(两间) John and Mary's room(一间)

  6) 复合名词或短语,'s 加在最后一个词的词尾。

  如:a month or two's absence

  2. 冠词和数词

  2.1 不定冠词的用法

  冠词是虚词,本身不能单独使用,也没有词义,它用在名词的前面,帮助指明名词的含义。英语中的冠词有三种,一种是定冠词(the Definite Article),另一种是不定冠词(the Indefinite Article),还有一种是零冠词(Zero Article)。

  不定冠词a (an)与数词one 同源,是"一个"的意思。a用于辅音音素前,一般读作

  [e],而an则用于元音音素前,一般读做[en]。

  1) 表示"一个",意为one;指某人或某物,意为a certain。

  A Mr. Ling is waiting for you.

  2) 代表一类人或物。

  A knife is a tool for cutting with.

初高中英语语法 篇四

  3) 词组或成语。

  a little / a few / a lot / a type of / a pile / a great many / many a / as a rule / in a hurry / in a minute / in a word / in a short while / after a while / have a cold / have a try / keep an eye on / all of a sudden

  2.2 定冠词的用法

  定冠词the与指示代词this,that同源,有"那(这)个"的意思,但较弱,可以和一个名词连用,来表示某个或某些特定的人或东西。

  1)特指双方都明白的人或物:

  Take the medicine. 把药吃了。

  2)上文提到过的人或事:

  He bought a house. I've been to the house.

  他买了幢房子。我去过那幢房子。

  3)指世上独一物二的事物:

  the sun, the sky, the moon, the earth

  4)单数名词连用表示一类事物,如:the dollar 美元;

  the fox 狐狸;或与形容词或分词连用,表示一类人:the rich 富人; the living 生者。

  5)用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only, very, same等前面: Where do you live? I live on the second floor. 你住在哪?我住在二层。 That's the very thing I've been looking for. 那正是我要找的东西。

  6)与复数名词连用,指整个群体:

  They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师)

  They are teachers of this school. (指部分教师)

  7)表示所有,相当于物主代词,用在表示身体部位的名词前:

  She caught me by the arm.. 她抓住了我的手臂。

  8)用在某些由普通名词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前: the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国

  the United States 美国

  9)用在表示乐器的名词之前: She plays the piano. 她会弹钢琴。

  10) 用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人:

  the Greens 格林一家人 (或格林夫妇)

  11) 用在惯用语中:

  in the day, in the morning (afternoon,evening), the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday, the next morning,

  in the sky (water,field,country)

  in the dark, in the rain, in the distance,

  in the middle (of), in the end,

  on the whole, by the way, go to the theatre

  2.3 零冠词的用法

  1) 国名,人名前通常不用定冠词:England,Mary;

  2)泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,可不用定冠词;

  They are teachers. 他们是教师。

  3)抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词;

  Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。

  4)物质名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词,当表示特定的意思时,需要加定冠词; Man cannot live without water. 人离开水就无法生存。

  5)在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,不加冠词; We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。

  6)在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前不加冠词;

  The guards took the American to General Lee.

初高中英语语法 篇五

  英语语法精髓(15节课补完初中和高中英语语法)

  第三篇:《初中高中英语语法大全》

  英语语法大全

  初中英语语法

  学习提纲

  一、词类、句子成分和构词法:

  1、词类:英语词类分十种:

  名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。

  1、名词(n.): 表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.

  2、代词(pron.): 主要用来代替名词。如:who, she, you, it .

  3、形容词(adj..):表示人或事物的性质或特征。如:good, right, white, orange .

  4、数词(num.): 表示数目或事物的顺序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.

  5、动词(v.): 表示动作或状态。如:am, is,are,have,see .

  6、副词(adv.): 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如:now, very, here, often, quietly,

  slowly.

  7、冠词(art..):用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如:a, an, the.

  8、介词(prep.): 表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind.

  9、连词(conj.): 用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .

  10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello.

  2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。

  1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是?谁?或者?什么?。通常用名词或代词担任。如:I’m Miss Green.(我

  是格林小姐)

  2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答?做(什么)?。主要由动词担任。如:Jack cleans the room

every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)

  3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是?什么?或者?怎么样?。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。

  如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)

  4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是?什么?。通常由名词或代词担任。如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)

  有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信)

  有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)

  5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如: Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)

  6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如:He works hard .(他工作努力)

  7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如:They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语)

  ☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如:Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在

  哪里?)

  3、构词法:英语构词法主要有:合成法、派生法和转换法。

  1、合成法:如:spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。

  2、派生法:

  (1)派生名词:⒈动词+er/or ⒉动词+ing ⒊动词+(t)ion ⒋形容词+ness ⒌其他,如:inventor, learner,

  swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge

  (2)派生形容词:⒈名词+y ⒉名词+ful ⒊动词+ing/ed ⒋friendly ⒌dangerous ⒍Chinese; Japanese ⒎English ⒏French ⒐German ⒑国名+(i)an 如:snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious

  (3)派生副词:⒈形容词+ly ⒉其它,如:slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible→possibly等等。

  3、转换法:

  (1)形容词→动词,如:dry(干燥的)→dry(弄干), clean(干净的)→clean(打扫,弄干净),等等。

  (2)动词→名词,如:look, walk, rest, work, study, swim, go, talk等等。

  (3)名词→动词,如:hand(手)→(传递),face(脸)→(面对)等等。

  (4)形容词→副词,如:early→early, fast→fast等等。

  (5)副词→连词,如:when(什么时候)→(当……时候),等等。

  (6)介词→副词,如:in(到……里)→(在里面;在家),on(在…上)→(进行,继续),等等。

  二、名词:

  1、英语名词可分专有名词和普通名词两大类:

  1、专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。

  专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。

  如:Beijing, Tom, the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国)

  专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。如:the Great Wall(长城)

  姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如:the Greens( 格林一家人)。

  2、普通名词是许多人或事物的共有名称。如:pupil, family, man, foot.

  普通名词又分为可数名词和不可数名词。

  ▲可数名词是可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词,如: box, child, orange;

  ▲不可数名词是不可以用简单的数词进行计数的名词。如:water, news, oil, population, information .

  2、英语可数名词的单复数:英语可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。

  1、名词由单数变复数的基本方法如下:

  ⒈在单数名词词尾加s。如:map → maps,boy→ boys,horse→ horses, table→ tables.

  ⒉s,o,x ,sh,ch结尾的词加es.如:class→classes, box→boxes, hero→heroes, dish→dishes, bench→benches.

  [注]:少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。如:photo→photos, piano→pianos.

  ⒊以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如:family→families, city→cities, party→parties. ⒋以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。如:shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives.

  2、不规则变化:man→men, woman→women, sheep→sheep,tooth→teeth, fish→fish, child→children, ox→

  oxen, goose→geese

  不可数名词一般没有复数形式,说明其数量时,要用有关计量名词。如:a bag of rice→two bags of rice, a piece of paper→three pieces of paper, a bottle of milk→five bottles of milk.

  3、名词所有格:

  1、 名词所有格表示所属关系,相当于物主代词,在句中作定语、宾语或主语。其构成法如下:初高中英语语法大全

  (1)表示人或其它有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加’s。如:Childern’s Day(儿童节), my sister’s book(我姐姐的书)

  (2)以s或es结尾的复数名词。只在词尾加’。如:Teachers’ Day(教师节)

  (3)有些表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词,也可在词尾加’s. 如:

  today’s newspaper(今天的报纸), ten minutes’ break(十分钟的课间休息),

  China’s population(中国的人口).

  (4)无论表示有生命还是无生命的东西的名词,一般均可用介词of短语来表示所有关系。如:

  a fine daughter of the Party(党的好女儿).

  2、[注解]:

  ⒈ ‘s还可以表示某人的家或者某个店铺,如:my aunt’s(我阿姨家), the doctor’s(诊所)

  ⒉ 两人共有某物时,可以采用 A and B’s 的形式,如:Lucy and Lily’s bedroom(露西和丽丽合住的卧室) ⒊ ?of+名词所有格/名词性物主代词?,称为双重所有格,如:a friend of my father’s(我父亲的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)

  4、名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题:

  1、谓语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致,即:主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式:如:The computer was a great invention.(计算机是个了不起的发明)The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷)

  2、集体名词(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主语时,

  ⒈ 如果表示整体概念,则谓语用单数形式,如:Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班)

  ⒉ 如果表示其中的所有成员时,则谓语用复数形式,如:Class Three have a map of China.(三

  班有张中国地图)

  3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示单个时谓语用单数,表示许多时,谓语用复数。如:There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只绵羊) / There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些绵羊)

  4、maths, news等虽然有s结尾,但不是复数,因此谓语仍用单数:The news is very exciting. (这个消息令人兴

  奋)

  5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名词往往用复数形式,故谓语用复数。如: The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(裤子很便宜,我想买)

  6、a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式,跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。如:A lot of students are playing

  baseball now.(现在有许多学生在打垒球) A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的时间花在了那个工作上)(被动句)

  7、and 连接两个名词做主语时,谓语原则上用复数,但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时,谓语则用单数。如:The

  teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老师和他的儿子在摘苹果) / Fish and chips is very famous food. (鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品)

  8、 there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。如:There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房

  间里有一张桌子和四张椅子)

  9、用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时,谓语一般用复数。如:Both you and I are required to be here

  tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都来)

  10、主语中含有with的短语时,谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。如:A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. (一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子(当时)就站在路边)

  11、either…or…或者 neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时,谓语采用就近原则。如:Either you or he is

  right.(要么是你对,要么是他对。/你和他有一个人是对的) / Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那里)

  12、表示一段时间或长度概念的`复数名词做主语时,谓语一般用单数。如:Two months is not a short time.(两个

  月不是个短时间)Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距离).(两千千米是相当长的一段距离)

  13、主语中含有half of… / (three quarters)of… / all (of) the ….等词语时,谓语的单复数由名词确定,如:Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.(因特网上四分之三以上的信息是用英语写的) / A third of the students were playing near the lake.(学生的三分之一(当时)正在湖边玩耍) / All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(这些河流中的水已经被污染了)(被动句) 但是,population一词又有特殊情况: What’(中国人口是多少?)(句子用单数) / Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人).(这个城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(句子用复数)

  5、部分名词用法辨析:

  1、sport、game、match、race 的区别:sport通常指?户外运动?,以锻炼为主,概念较大;game意思是?运动、比赛?,不管户内户外还是脑力体力,指以胜负为主的运动;match意为?竞赛、比赛?,多指正式比赛;race主要表示?赛跑、赛马、赛车?。如:People all around the world enjoy sports.(全世界的人都喜爱运动) / The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing.(2008奥运会将在北京举行)(被动句) / Our school football team won the league match(联赛).(我们学校足球队取得了联赛冠军) / They were strong and won the boat race.(汤他们很棒,赢得了划艇比赛)

  2、festival、holiday、vacation的区别:festival?节日?,指喜庆的日子或持续一段时间的文娱活动;holiday(假

  日、休息日),指法定假日或风俗习惯,复数可以表示一个较长的假期;vacation?假期?,指学习或工作中一段长时间的休息。如:The Shanghai Television Festival will be held next month.(上海电视节将在下个月举行) / Sunday is a holiday and most people do not work.(星期天是个假日,多数人不工作) / What are you going to do during the summer vacation/holidays?(在暑期你打算做什么事情?)

  3、journey、tour、trip、travel的区别:journey指在陆地上(或海上或空中)进行的长途旅行,不知终点,含有辛

  苦的意思;tour指途中作短期逗留的巡回旅行,强调游览多处,常用来指观光等;trip通常指往返定时的短途旅行,如出差度假等;travel多指长期或长途的观光旅行,尤其指到国外,没有明确目的地,也作不可数名词,指旅行这一行为。如:He made up his mind to make the journey to Dunhuang.(他拿定主意要去敦煌旅行)/ He has gone on a walking tour.(他步行观光去了) / He took several trips to Shanghai last yeaar.(去年他去了上海好几次) / Did you go to Santiago(圣地亚哥) during your travels?(旅行期间你去圣地亚哥了吗?) / Travelling through thick forests is dangerous.(在密林里边穿行是很危险的)

  4、sound、noise、voice的区别:sound指各种声音;noise主要指?噪音?;voice指人的?嗓音?。如:The noise

  of the street kept me awake in the night.(街上的喧嚣声让我彻夜难眠) / All of a sudden there was the

  sound of shots and a cry.(突然间传来几声枪响和一声尖叫) / The singer has lost her ringing voice as a result of a bad cold.(因为感冒的缘故,这个歌唱家失去了她银铃般的嗓音)

  5、fish的问题:指许多条鱼且不管种类时,用fish,单复数相同;fishes 指许多种类的鱼;fish指?鱼肉?时是

  不可数名词。如:There are many kinds of fishes in the pool. (池子里有很多种类的鱼)/ I prefer fish to meat.(与肉相比我更喜欢鱼)

  三、代词:

  1、代词的分类:英语中代词分为:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、关系代词、疑问代词、连接代词和不

  定代词等等。

  2

  1) / Are they from

  Brazil?(他们是巴西人吗?) / Where have they gone?(他们上哪儿去了?) / That’s it.(就那么回事) / It’s he!(是他!)

  2、宾格用来作及物动词或者介词的宾语。如:Who teaches you English this year?(今年谁教你们的英语?) /

  Help me!(救救我!) / We often write letters to her.(我们常给他写信)

  3、人称代词作表语或者放在比较状语从句连词than或as之后时,可以用主格形式,也可以用宾格形式,口语中大

  多用宾格。如:--Who is it?(是谁?) –It’s I/me.(是我。)

  4、 三个不同人称同时出现,或者主语中包含?我?时,按照?you→he→I?的顺序表达。如:

  Both he and I are working at that computer company.(我和他都在那家电脑公司上班) –Who will go there?(谁要去那儿?) –You and me.(你和我)

  5、 人称代词it除了可以指人指物之外,还可以表示?时间、天气、温度、距离、情况?等含义,此外还可以作?非

  人称代词?使用,替代作主语或者宾语的不定式、动名词或者名词性从句。如:--What’s the weather like today?(今天天气怎样?)—It’s fine.(天气晴好) / --What’s the time?(几点啦?) –It’s 12:00.(12点) / It’s a long way to go.(那可要走好长的路) / It took him three days to clean his house.(打扫屋子花了他三天的时间) / It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into space.(很显然,公众想知道这些人什么时候能进入太空) / We found it very difficult to learn a foreign language well.(我们发觉要学好一门外语是非常困难的)

  3

  Is that your umbrella?(那是你的伞吗?) / I often go to see my aunt on Sundays.(我经常在星期天去看望阿姨) / They are their books.(是他们的书)

  2、名词性物主代词相当于名词,既代替事物又表明所属关系,在句子中往往独立地作主语、宾语或者表语,后面千

  万不可以跟名词。如:

  This is your cup,but where is mine?(这是你的杯子,可我的在哪儿?) / Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.(你们的教室很大,我们的相当小)

  3、?of + 名词性物主代词?称为双重所有格,作定语时放在名词的后面。如:

  A friend of mine came to see me yesterday.(我的一个朋友昨天来看我了) (指若干朋友中有一个来看我。)

  [试比较] My friend came to see me yesterday.(我的朋友昨天来看我了)(指我的那个特定的朋友来看我。)

  4

  Don’t play with the knife, you might hurt yourself.(不要玩刀子,那会割伤你的)

  2、在句子中作同位语表示强调(即用来强调名词或代词的语气)。如:

  The story itself is good. Only he didn’t tell it well.(故事本身是好的,只是他没有讲好)

  6、 指示代词: 指示说明近处或者远处、上文或者下文、以前或者现在的人或事物。

  What’s this?(这是什么?) / That model plane is made of plastic.(那只模型飞机是塑料做的)(被动句) / Remember never to do such things.(记得永远不要做这样的事情) / Do the same as the teacher tells you. (按老师说的做)/ ---Who is it?(是谁?) ---It’s me!(是我!)

  6、关系代词:用来引导定语从句的代词叫关系代词,参见后面的定语从句。

  1、关系代词who 、which、 that 、whom 等,将定语从句和主句连接起来。英语中的关系代词一方面在从句中担

  任一定的成分,另一方面又起连接作用。

  如:The student who is drawing a picture is in Grade One.(正在画画的学生是一年级的)

  2、关系代词who / whom指人,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。如:

  Do you know the man who is wearing a red hat? (你认识那个戴着红帽子的男人吗?)

  3、关系代词which 指物,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。如:Have you found the book which you lost several

  days ago?(你找到几天前丢失的那本书了吗?)

  4、关系代词that既可指人也可指物,如果作从句的宾语,则有时省略。如:Can you see the man/dog that is running

  along the river bank ?(你看得见顺着河跑的男人/狗了吗?)

  7、连接代词:用来引导宾语从句、主语从句或表语从句的连接词称连接代词。

  英语中连接代词主要有:what(什么),who(谁),whom(谁),which(哪个),whose(谁的)。详见相应从句。

  8(任何事), anyone(任何人), anybody(任何人), nothing(没事),nobody(没有人), no one(没有人), everything(一切), everyone(每个人), everybody(每个人).

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