高中英语冠词语法(2)
2.冠词的活用情况
(1)表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前一般加定冠词the;但如果名词前有修饰语,来表示“怎样的”时也可用不定冠词。如:
the world, a peaceful world; the moon, a bright moon。
(2)表示一日三餐的名词前一般不用冠词,但前面如果有定于修饰,也可用不定冠词。如:I had a wonderful supper yesterday。
(3)表示乐器的名词前一般用定冠词,但如果该名词作为普通名词,也可用不定冠词。如:This is a piano and it is the king of musical instruments。
(4)形容词最高级前、序数词前也可用不定冠词。
①形容词最高级前加不定冠词表示“十分、非常”之意,相当于very。如:
It is a most useful book。
②序数词second、third等前加不定冠词表示“又一,再一”之意,相当于another。如:Can you give me a second chance, please?
(5)表示语言的前一般不用冠词,但后面如果出现language一词,前面需加定冠词the。如:Engl
ish=the English language(6)牢记高考中常见的纯不可数名词。它们是information, fun, weather, progress, advice,news,space,word(=news),furniture,equipment等,均不可与不定冠词连用。
3.冠词的类指用法
(1)定冠词 + 单数可数名词,指的是这个类别,这个类别是可以区别于另一个类别的。如:The compass was invented in China, but the computer was not。
(2)不定冠词 + 单数可数名词,侧重于指类别中任何一个的特点。如:
A tiger is a type of very large fierce wild cat that has yellow fur with black bands across。
注意:man, woman表示泛指时,不用冠词,且常用单数。如:
Man tries to be the protector of woman。
(3)可数名词复数或不可数名词,侧重于指类别中的许多个体。如:
Children usually start walking at around one year old。
4.冠词的位置问题
(1)不定冠词 + 副词 + 形容词 + 名词。如:
This is a very interesting story。
(2)such、what、both、all、quite、rather +不定冠词+形容词+名词。如:
I’ve never seen such a film!
Half a pound of pork, please!
What a good idea it is!
(3)as、so、too、how、however、enough+形容词+不定冠词+名词。如:
I can’t finish the task in so short a time。
He is brave enough a hunter to kill the bear。
(4)half、twice、three times、all、both、double + the + 名词。如:
He paid twice the price for it。
Their house is three times the size of yours。
五、精典名题导解
1. (2008湖南) Have you heard ______ news?The piece of _______ petrol is going up again!
A. the, the B. 不填,the C. the, 不填 D. 不填,不填
考点解析:第一空格为特指,the news即指汽油价格又上涨这件事。第二空格petrol为抽象名词,故其前不用冠词。故选C。
2. (2008江苏)We went right round to the west coast by ______ sea instead of driving across ______ continent。
A. the; the B。不填;the C. the; 不填 D. 不填;不填
考点解析:第一空by sea指乘船,故其前不用冠词。第二空根据句意可知,此处continent为特指,指驱车穿过的那个大陆,故用定冠词the。故选B。
3. (2008江西卷)—I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting。
—It is not your fault. With _ _ rush-hour traffic and _ _ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late。
A. a; a B. the; the C. /; / D. /; a
考点解析:两空中traffic和rain均为抽象名词,故不定冠词先可排除。再根据题意可知,均为特指,指当时的交通高峰拥堵和下大雨使他开会迟到,故均用定冠词the。故答案为B。
4. (2008山东) Students should be encouraged to use ________ Internet as________ resource。
A. /; a B. 不填; the C. the; the D. the; a
考点解析:Internet 为专有名词,其前常用the。句意为:应鼓励学生使用因特网作为一种资源。resource 前应用a,表示“一种资源”,为泛指。故答案为D。
5. (2008四川) In the United States, there is always ____ flow of people to areas of ______ country where more jobs can be found。
A. a; the B. the; a C. the; the D. a; a
考点解析:第一空为泛指,a flow of people表示“人流”。第二空由于country 后面有定语从句where more jobs can be found。修饰限定,同时根据意思应为特指,故用定冠词the。故答案为A。
6. (北京市朝阳区2009年高三2月统一考试) _______ person like him won’t be simply satisfied with _________ progress that has been made。
A. The; a B. The; / C. A; / D. A; the
考点解析:第一空表示“像他这样的一个人”,应为泛指,故用不定冠词a。第二空progress后面有定语从句that has been made。修饰限定,应为特指,故用定冠词the。故答案为D。
7. (2009年北京市宣武区高三第一次质量检测)—Could you tell me ________ way to Taylor Clinic?
—Sorry, but I’m afraid there is not _________ Taylor Clinic nearby。
A. a; a B. a; the C. the; the D. the; a
考点解析:第一空特指去Taylor Clinic的路,故应用定冠词the。第二空根据句意 “恐怕这附近没有Taylor Clinic这个地方”可知应为泛指,故用不定冠词a。故答案为D。
8. (上海市2009年高三年级十四校联考)—I hear that the Australian bushfire that happened in the north of Melbourne killed at least 181 people and destroyed many buildings。
—Yes. _______ news came as _________ shock to me。
A. the; the B. the; a C. a; the D. a; a
考点解析:根据句意可知,第一空应为特指,此处news指上文提到的事件即the Australian bushfire…,故用定冠词the。而第二空shock表示一件令人震惊的事,故为泛指,应用不定冠词a。故答案为B。